This most recent research has succeeded in fabricating photonic time crystals that operate at microwave frequencies and has shown that they can enhance electromagnetic radiation. While 3D structures have been the subject of prior study, there are a number of difficulties with this approach that have come to light. But the group doing the current study chose to concentrate on 2D structures called metasurfaces.”We found that reducing the dimensionality from a 3D to a 2D structure made the implementation significantly easier, which made it possible to realize photonic time crystals in reality,” said Dr. Xuchen Wang, who conducted the study while a doctoral student at Aalto University and is now at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.